Thursday, November 28, 2019

The Advantures Of Huck. Fin Essay Example For Students

The Advantures Of Huck. Fin Essay Books are known for teaching lessons. In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain satirically presents the situation of how people of different color were treated unjustly, while at the same time amusing his readers. Isnt it ironic that the character that grows on you most is Jim, the black runaway slave, who society looks down upon most during the time period of this book? Jim is treated poorly as a slave and as a person. For one, he is separated from his parents and children amongst different slave owners. On top of this, he is about to be sold for $800 to another owner even more far away from his family, which leads to his escape. Despite these situations, he remains a loyal, loving, father-like figure, and most importantly, he remains a great friend to Huckleberry. We will write a custom essay on The Advantures Of Huck. Fin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Society, even today, often puts children down by saying that they do not contain values. Well, Huck closes the door to this statement. Whenever Huck is challenged to make a decision on impact concerning the safety of Jim, such as the incident when the men are looking for blacks, his heart always seems to pilot him to the direction of Jims benefit, even though almost all of the rest of society would object to his decisions during this period of time. You can also see Hucks distress and sorrow for the fact that Jim has to buy his family back in order to see them again. This absolutely breaks Hucks heart. Back in the 1800s, blacks were considered property, and whites were always the superior race. In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain purposely makes Jim the best character in the book, in that he is the most compassionate, caring, and most appreciated by Huck, the main character in the book. At the same time he makes Pap, the white dead-beat father of Huck, the most detested, disrespected, low down character of this book. Twain causes his readers to contemplate of how foolish it is that a person can be judged on his outside appearance, rather than who the individual is on the inside. In conclusion, the lesson to be taught by Mark Twain is that people often pre-judge others based on their exterior and not what counts on the interior. He does this satirically by making Jim an irresistibly lovable character because of how deep his feelings are, making the reader feel these insights as well. This is a lesson that can unquestionably be applied in todays world as well.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

History 2055 Notes Essays

History 2055 Notes Essays History 2055 Notes Essay History 2055 Notes Essay Safe to say there were millions. Where did they live? 1492: Most lived South of the ROI Grandee two large urban civilizations were in central Mexico and Peru Aztec Incas Empires Stone built cities A lot of citizens Sophisticated people 5 million people or less about the ROI Grandee not wall to wall people north of the ROI Grandee Once they get here What do we call them? Native Americans In the sass they were called Indians Everybody said that until the early ass Meridians distinguished Indians from American Indians American Indians Before the sass people wouldve though a native American was anyone born in the United States In Canada they call Native Americans: Aborigines First peoples First nations They do not use native American or native Canadian. This matters because of how political everything is now! Political Power! Native Americans make up from %% to lo% of the population Dont have any political or economic cloud in the US. What started the name changing trend? Sack the sasss Stanford Indians changed to the cardinals Not the bird, but the color cardinal Social Identity North Dakota Fighting Sue The Sue are not happy with the school mascot. Notre Dame Irish Irish people dont seem to mind at all? Whats the difference? Belonging to society Irish Americans are Americans Native Americans want their land back and dont feel like they are a part of the American population. Dont feel like Americans. Not all Native Americans think alike. Culture of Native Americans Eastern Woodland Indians Mississippi river and east 3 or 4 million people LARGE GROUP You can subdivide them further, but we will Just go with Eastern Woodland Indians You will be able to find an exception to what will be taught. Youll find some that dont fit the rubric. Eastern Woodland Folks Agricultural people Growing one crop in particular Corn That is what everyone is eating and have been eating it for a long time! Corn has been facsimiled Its been here forever Squash, bears, potatoes Very agriculturally dependent. Hunting Men do the hunting Women do the agriculture Except clearing the land They did that by torching it mainly NO IRON MACHINES They are new stone-age people basically Back then they had no domesticated animals like horses, oxen, etc. Stone tools, bone, antler cake a stack, poke noels In teen ground Ana sea Women would harvest these crops When soil ran out they would leave. They were not producing massive surplus. Because of their farming techniques. European farmers tended to stay put, Eastern Woodland Indians moved around a lot. Cultural misunderstandings Europeans would be next door planting and some eastern woodlander would come and claim land. Europeans would be like, hey thats actually our land and the woodlander would be like, Well, you arent here right now. Woodlander men thought that European women were lazy. European women werent harvesting the crops or building houses. European men though that woodlander men were lazy. Woodlander men werent building homes, etc. Its really Just two different styles of doing things. Stereotypes developed early on When it came to numbers (populations) It took about one acre to support an adult for a year. If you had about 2-300 adults, youd need 2-300 acres The tribes were broken up into smaller villages. If you wanted to expand your territory, you had to move on to new territory. Totem poles would mark territory for native Americans A totem pole that had bear heads and fish heads on top of a pole with blood dripping down marked the territory for Baton Rouge with a red stick. We need more territory Wicked be a cause for most wars try to trade for it first, but if that didnt work there was always war scalping was very common in wars form of tropism some might say that it wasnt the native Americans who scalped. Scalping was very rare in European warfare It was the native Americans Hokes-Simian Tribe type Allies? Europeans always tried to find Native American allies as they came to America. Werent many conflicts between Europeans and Native Americans where there were Europeans vs. Natives. It was more of Europeans and Natives vs. Other Europeans and Natives. Fought primarily over land Revenge was common Native peoples north of the ROI grandee didnt really engage in total war the goal wasnt to completely annihilate the entire tribe would go to war in order to get more people instead of making kids the old fashioned way, they would steal other peoples women and kids Prisoners of war would eventually die male captives Never women or children captives. Religion Polytheistic Multiple gods Animistic Belief that gods were in the rivers and wind Nathaniel Pop (Movie character played by Daniel Day Louis) Orphaned Indian Becomes skilled at hunting Mainly shooting things They roasted a British major Nathaniel pop takes his musket and puts a bullet in his head so that he wont suffer from the pain and humiliation Europeans tortured people all the time in the 16th century Especially witches or accused witches Light estimate of witches who died Kick Were torched for religious reasons Native Americans engaged in battle Usually broke down to one on one fights Collective strategy used Ambush Once that ambush started the woodlander would pick an enemy and go for that person Their fighting skills were very annalistic There was a sort of communal approach to life, but individualistic things were going on as well. Choctaws hated the Chickasaws No president, king, etc. Chiefs would be listened to voluntarily. If you are a 19 year old Choctaw and you decide you want to go to battle, you might be humiliated, but wont be forced to fight or kill you. Film reference Dances with Wolves You could make your own decisions when it comes to war and fighting. Ritual Cannibalism When you captured and killed someone you would consume some part of them. Wasnt necessarily extremely popular, but it did happen. More popular in Mexico Aisha tribe would eat their enemies Choctaw pointed out the cannibalism Aisha=the people Choctaws called them matters. Choctaws didnt like them because they were cannibals. Casualties were kept low because you didnt want to wipe out your whole enemy and because of weapons Your less likely to be killed from a spear or arrow wound than a gun wound. Native Americans will eventually get firearms and that will change EVERYTHING!

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Measurements And Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measurements And Methods - Essay Example Some would argue that one method is better than the other. However, there are those that would suggest that any research or study must utilize a combination of the two methods. The only idea that researchers agree one is that qualitative and quantitative research methods are different in certain ways. Furthermore, there are cases when one of them is better suited for a particular study or research. Understanding the differences between the two will allow an individual to identify the situations wherein using one or a combination of the two is more suitable for a particular study. Moreover, researchers must realize the importance of their choice of approach especially in cases wherein the findings of their study are to be used as basis and guides for decisions about certain policies or practices. Qualitative vs. Quantitative The simplest way to distinguish the qualitative research method from the quantitative method is that qualitative data involves words while the latter works with numerical data. What this means is that in quantitative research, researchers work with numbers and express their results and findings through numerical information. On the other hand, qualitative research utilizes data that comes in the form of words. (Barnes et al, 2005) Another difference is that quantitative research is deductive while qualitative research is inductive. This implies that in quantitative research, the researchers go about their study using an established theory as basis of their analysis. As such, quantitative research requires the formulation of hypothesis which will be what the researchers will be trying to prove or disprove. On the other hand, the quantitative method builds upon the data that has been collected. Patterns emerge from the analysis of the collected data. Since the quantitative method does not have preconceived assumptions, it can proceed without stating a hypothesis. (Barnes et al, 2005) With regards to the collection of data, there is likewise a difference between the two approaches in question. Quantitative research occurs in a more controlled environment wherein the researcher merely serves as an objective observer. Intervention also plays a key role in the collection of quantitative data because it serves as a way of discovering new things. The researcher discovers new ideas and principles by observing the changes that result from changes or interventions made to the environment. In the case of the collection of qualitative data, the researcher is thought to collect the most significant data through participant observation. No changes are made to the environment and instead, the researcher attempts to get a feel of the environment so as to collect relevant data for his research. Lastly, quantitative and qualitative resea

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marketing - Justification Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing - Justification Report - Essay Example The Gym has a total of two owners and three trainers all of whom have a background in the sports industry. The objective in this aspect is to seek the relevant products, which are healthy and appropriate and can effectively assist the clients in the gym with their needs associated with the aggressive training. Indeed, the training process is very delicate and requires very important essentials, which should always be available in a bid to make training a more professional aspect. In this respect, the report seeks to convince Top Tier that the potential products will greatly assist the clients in selecting healthier diets, which can positively influence their health. The initiative is further intended to offer proper training to the clients in order to enable them make relevant decisions regarding the best products to select. The initiative is intended to deal with four lines of products that include sports drinks, energy drinks, energy bars and sports shakes. The justification on the need to use these products is given on professional grounds other than on plain product promotion claims. It is in that respects that it is hoped that the Top Tier management would indeed react positively to this need and enable the products to be marketed at the gym. Problem statement In the increasingly dynamic sports environment where challenges and issues related to health continue to become major concerns, the need to provide effective products in relation to these challenges cannot be overemphasized. Healthy standards are very difficult to attain these days courtesy of the inundation of several products in the market claiming to be the solutions to the challenges realized. Often, these products never meet the objectives aspired. This initiative is therefore an important call to rectify the situation and provide the best products that can assist the trainees at the gym with all their professional healthy needs. Methods The solution to the above problem lies in the products tha t this report seeks to promote in the Gym. Today, the society is becoming more dynamic and convenience seems to be the greatest aspect that people consider before any undertaking. Energy drinks and bars have become very popular as people seek products that can quickly replenish them with energy at faster rates (Nestle 2002). Quality products that can provide these solutions always need to be at the disposal of those who need them. Well-designed products that can fulfill these functions and provide the users with all the healthy requirements are therefore the most important aspects in this regard. Weight gainers, protein powders, and carbohydrate drinks are some of the products that can give the users high quality value in terms of body requirements without subjecting them to the agony of spending too much time in the kitchen (2012). The program is intended to take a maximum timeframe of one week as a promotion period and will mostly involve educational sessions to give the potential users all the relevant information regarding these important products in the markets. It is hoped that after the program, all the trainees and everybody in the gym shall be knowledgeable enough regarding these important aspects of health and will therefore be in a position to purchase the products. Findings

Monday, November 18, 2019

Why Boston University is a good fit for you and what specifically has Essay - 1

Why Boston University is a good fit for you and what specifically has led you to apply for admission - Essay Example e understand and create a solution to their problems, I was able to prove to myself that with ample knowledge about the human brain and its effects on human behaviour would allow me to help more people in the future. Taking up a bachelor’s degree with a major in Psychology is exactly what I think suits me best. As of the moment, I have not thought about the area in which I would like to specialize, though I am hoping that the university would guide me through which road I should take eventually. My fascination about the human brain is too profound for me to put it to waste. It would be an honor for me to share that passion with one of the most prestigious universities in the country, Boston University. With the university’s excellent programs, I am confident that they will provide me with exceptional learning experience that would further nourish the desire within me to understand the complexity of the human mind. Being a pioneer in the research programs among the various educational institutions in the country (â€Å"Boston†), its members of the faculty are equipped with adequate wisdom and knowledge of the areas I hope to gain as much learning as possible. I believe I deserve to be educated in this institution because I share the same passion that they have particularly in recognizing the need to interpret people’s behaviour as dictated by their

Friday, November 15, 2019

Causes and Consequences of Increased Intracranial Pressure

Causes and Consequences of Increased Intracranial Pressure CONSEQUENCES OF INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE What is the Intracranial Pressure? Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is the hydrostatic pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space [4]. Cerebrospinal fluid is a watery fluid circulating in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and the spinal cord. This fluid is synthesized by the choroid plexus in cerebral ventricles and it is absorbed by the arachnoid granulations into the venous sinus system. So the CSF is the surrounding nature of the brain. Increased intracranial pressure Normal values for intracranial pressure are varying with age. Normal values for adults and older children are 10 to 15 mmHg, 3 to 7 mmHg for young children and 1.5 to 6 mmHg for term infants. ICP may be sub atmospheric in newborns [5]. Commonly 5 to 15 mmHg (7.5 to 20 cm H2O) is concerned to be normal adult ICP value [5]. 20 to 30 mmHg values are concerned as mild intracranial hypertensions but 20 to 25 mmHg values requires treatments and values more than 40 mmHg are severe life threatening situations [5]. Causes for increased intracranial  Pressure Increased intracranial pressure can be developed either by an increase in the pressure in CSF or by a space occupying lesion (such as brain tumors, bleeding in the brain, fluid surrounding the brain or swelling of the brain tissue. But in some situations those two types of reasons can be interrelated with each other. (e.g.: When the brain is swelling, its vasculature becomes compressed and this may lead to increase ICP. There is a concept called Monroe Kellie Doctrine. According to that hypothesis, skull is an enclosed rigid structure containing no compressive structures such as brain, blood and CSF. So an increase in one constituent or an expanding of one of them results in an increase in the intracranial pressure [6] Pg.76. Intracranial = Brain + CSF + Blood + Mass lesion Volume volumevolume volume volume But in infants, in the case of their skulls are not completely ossified, their skulls are some kind of incompatible with this hypothesis. According to that hypothesis an expanding mass, an increase in brain water content , an increase in cerebral blood volume (by vasodilation or venous outflow obstruction) or increase in CSF are the factors for an increase in intracranial pressure [6] Pg.76. However there are some compensatory mechanisms for regulating intracranial pressure increases [6] Pg.76. Immediate actions 1.Decrease of CSF volume (CSF outflow to the lumbar theca. 2. Decrease of cerebral blood volume. Delayed actions Decrease of extra cellular fluid. There are number of causes responsible for increased intracranial pressure. They may be either occurring individually or in combination with others. Primary causes for increased ICP[7,8,9] This is also called as Intracranial Causes. They occur within the cranium. Brain tumor – Tumors lead to increase in brain volume. So according to the Monroe Kellie doctrine ICP increased. Trauma – There are various types of head injuries. They can be close or open (penetrating) injuries. It can be lead to concussion (shaking of the brain as a result of trauma), scalp injuries, skull fractures. Those traumas may cause to bleeding within the brain tissue or bleeding in the layers that surrounds the brain. There are three types of bleedings occurring in the layers surround the brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage – bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Subdural hematoma – bleeding into the subdural space Extradural hematoma – Bleeding into the epidural space. All those types of bleedings cause in increasing ICP. Non traumatic intra cerebral hemorrhage – These hemorrhages can occur by aneurysm of cerebral arteries in the brain. Aneurysms are localized excessive swellings of an arterial wall. So they have more potential to rupture and this leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ischemic stroke – Stroke (or Brain Attack) is the death of brain cells due to an inadequate blood flow [4].So in strokes, as a response to the brain cell death, brain swelling occurs. Hydrocephalus – Hydrocephalus is an increase in CSF volume. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles and flows in a caudal direction and enters the sub arachnoid space through the foramina of Lushka and Magendie. At the end of the circulation absorb into the arachnoid granulations. Rate of formation CSF usually is about 500ml/day. Hydrocephalus occurs commonly due to impaired absorption and rarely by excessive secretion. There are two types of hydrocephalus, Obstructive hydrocephalus – Obstruction of the CSF flow within the ventricular system. Communicating hydrocephalus – Obstruction of the CSF flow outside the ventricular system. Increased intracranial pressure can be seen as a direct effect of hydrocephalus. Idiopathic (benign) intracranial hypertension [6] Pg. 363 – This term means an increase in intracranial pressure without any mass lesion or hydrocephalus. Some clearly identified causal links (e.g.: venous outflow obstruction to CSF absorption) or obscured causal links (e.g.: diet, endocrine, hematological, drugs) cause for that. Other causes – Pseudotumorcerebri, pneumocephalus, abscess, cyst. 2. Secondary causes for increased ICP These are also called as extra cranial causes. So it is caused by extra cranial factors. Examples include, Airway obstruction Hypertension or hypotension Hypoxia or hypercarbia Posture Seizures Hyperpyrexia Drugs Other (High altitude, cerebral edema, hepatic failure ) 3. Post-operative causes for increased ICP This type of intracranial hypertension may occur after a neurosurgical procedure. Mass lesion/hematoma/edema An increase of cerebral blood volume by vasodilation. Disturbances of CSF flow. Clinical symptoms appear with increased intracranial pressure [11, 12] Headache [11] Papilledema – This is the swelling of the optic nerve occur most of times as a result of increased intracranial pressure [10]. Projectile vomiting – This is a vomiting without nausea. Increased blood pressure Double vision Pupils do not respond to changes in light Visual field abnormality – Loss of peripheral and inferior nasal visions. Seizure or convulsions Neurological problems include balance issues, numbness and tingling, memory loss, paralysis, slurred or garbled speech or inability to talk. COMA Stiff neck – Neck becomes mostly stiff and painful. Some researchers says the reason for that is the stretching of the spinal nerve sheaths where they exit the spinal cord by the pressure passing down from the brain [10]. Pain in the arms Loss of consciousness Back pain Shallow breathing In addition to those symptoms, in infants can be seen following [12], Separated sutures on the skull Bulging fontanellae Not feeding or responding normally Consequences of increased intracranial pressure Intracranial hypertension is involved with the pressure in the skull or in another words, the pressure around the brain and the spinal cord. Therefore increased intracranial pressure becomes a life threatening situation. There are some possibilities or consequences of increased intracranial pressure involved. These complications can be categorized into different topics such as Displacement effects, Hydrocephalus, complications in cerebral perfusion, seizures. Displacement effects [5,3,6 pg. 76-80] The cranial cavity is divided into compartments, separated by dural folds called falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. These folds limit brain structures within those compartments, but due to a space occupying lesion, pressure gradients occur in between these compartments. As a result brain shifts and herniation occur. This herniation can be categorized into two subjects, Supratentorial herniation (uncal, central, cingulate, transclaviral) Infratentorial herniation (upward, tonsillar) Supratentorial herniation Subfalcine herniation – In this case the cingulate gyrus is pushed laterally away from the expanding mass (like hematoma) beneath the falx cerebri. This may interfere with blood vessels in the frontal lobes which are placed at the site of injury. This may cause intracranial bleeding and severe rise in intracranial pressure and more dangerous types of herniation. Symptoms are not clear related to this herniation but usually present with abnormal posturing and coma. This type of herniation can be a precursor to other types of herniation. Uncal (transtentorial, uncinate, mesial temporal) herniation – This is the herniation of the Uncas in medial temporal lobe from the middle cranial pressure into the posterior cranial fossa into the posterior cranial fossa across the tentorial opening. So the Uncas of the temporal lobe is forced into the gap between the midbrain and the edge of the tentorium. There are main possible complications of this herniation, Compression of cranial nerve (III) – In the case of herniation, ipsilateral occulomotor nerve may compress as it passes between the posterior and superior cerebellar arteries. In initial states ipsilateral dilation of pupil (do not respond to light) can be seen as the first clinical sign because the parasympathetic fibers are placed outside the nerve, which are getting paralyzed first during the compression. After that as the herniation improving moreover the contralateral pupil may also dilated and further compression of the nerve may lead to interfere with the somatic supply of extra ocular muscles (except lateral rectus which is supplied by abducent nerve and the superior oblique which is supplied by trochlear nerve) causing the deviation of the eye to downwards and outwards. Compression of the midbrain cerebral peduncles – Commonly the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle gets compressed showing contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia. Since the herniation displaces the midbrain laterally, the contralateral cerebral peduncle gets compressed against the edge of the tentorium cerebelli resulting ipsilateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia (when it happens alone) or quadriplegia (when both cerebral peduncles are compressed. Compression of the posterior cerebral artery – Posterior cerebral artery or its branches may be compressed against the free edge of the tentorium cerebelli causes hemorrhagic infraction on the medial and inferior sites of the ipsilateral occipital lobe. The lesion may often confine to the posterior cerebral artery, leading to homonymous heminospia. If the occipital lobe lesions are bilateral, cortical blindness is a clinical sign (patient may not understand visual images, but pupillary reflexes are intact) Compression of the brain stem – Compression of the brainstem may low in the midbrain and may gradually increase caudally. As a result patient will become comatose and develop cardiac and respiratory changes. There are two types of events mainly occurring during the brainstem compression. Secondary brainstem hemorrhages (Duret hemorrhages) – Due to the compression and stretching of vessels (especially veins) these hemorrhages occur. Death may ensure due to the direct destruction of the pons and midbrain. Changes in respiratory, postural and occulomotor actions – These changes occur due to the compression transmitting downwards from the midbrain. Finally as a result of damage to the medulla leads to slow irregular respiratory movements, irregular pulse and falling of blood pressure, as well as death is due to the respiratory arrest. Central herniation – This is due to a supratententorial space occupying lesion and downward displacement of brainstem and diencephalon. Progressive decline in neurological status so called Rostrocaudal Detoriation (or Rostrocaudal Decompensation) can be seen in this situation. Lesions located medially or within the frontal pole will not compress the midbrain and diencephalon laterally and they straight to Rostrocaudaly dysfunction of the brainstem leading bilateral progression of impairment. Herniation may stretch the branches of the basilar (pontine) arteries and tear them generating Duret hemorrhage, usually causes to death because of the infraction of the midbrain and the pons. Clinical signs initiating with changes in consciousness start with reducing alertness leads to drowsiness, stupor and finally coma. There are list of incidents occur with central herniation and their related causes. Respiratory changes due to various sites of lesions Site of lesion Respiratory pattern Diencephalon Chyne-Stokes respiration Midbrain Central neurogenic hyperventilation Pons Apneustic respiration Medulla Ataxic respiration Changes in postural reflexes Decorticate Rigidity – Sign of leg extension and arm flexion caused by widespread lesions in the cerebral cortex. Decerebrate rigidity –sign of extension of both arms and legs due to the lesions disconnecting cerebral hemispheres from the brainstem(e.g. Upper midbrain lesions) Pupillary changes – Studying those pupillary changes in comatose patients may helpful in revealing the general location of lesions. Small reactive pupils – Compression of the diencephalon impairs sympathetic nerve fibers originate there and these impairment affects the sympathetic dilation of pupil straight to constricted small pupils. Dilated fixed – Compression of one cranial nerve (iii) by the uncus compressing parasympathetic fibers travelling outside the nerve and this impairment of parasympathetic supply causes to dilate the pupil of the same side and loss of reaction to the light changes in that pupil. Midposition fixed – Bilateral compression of both occulomotor nerves or compression of the midbrain results in impairment of both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers in both sides travelling to the pupil and as a result pupils come in to a midposition and are non-responsive to light fluctuations. Ocular movements – Pathways for ocular reflexes are localized in the brain stem, so that they are useful in testing pathways in comatose patients. Abducent and contralateral occulomotor nuclei are connected by the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) to produce conjugate deviation of the eyes. Caloric stimulation or oculovestibular reflex is, when water put into ear, a passive head turning occurs. Usually the occulomotor responses to that stimulation also in a similar way producing oculocephalic reflex or Doll’s eye movements. This eye movement does not occur in conscious patients because their pupil will stay looking straight ahead in front of the face when the head is turned, so this can be only seen in comatose patients. When a comatose patient shows the oculocephalic reflex, his brainstem is intact (Both eyes are deviated into the same sides opposite to the head movement, when the patient’s head is turning side to side. The eyelids must open and hold to observe the deviation of eyes). But if the MLF is affected the eyes will not move towards the same side. But to show these results CN III should intact. Extracranial/Transcalvarial herniation – This is the herniation of the brain through an opening in the cranial cavity formed by trauma or at a surgical site. Infratentorial herniation Tonsillar herniation [6] pg.: 79 – This is the downward herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. Usually caused by posterior cranial fossa mass lesion. But also can be due to a midline Supratentorial mass or as a result of edema. In that case the compression of the medulla leads to a depression of the vital centers for respiration and cardiac rhythm control. Sudden cardiorespiratory arrest or a slow progression over a day or two may be manifested as clinical symptoms. Upward/Cerebellar herniation [5] – Increased pressure in the posterior cranial fossa leads to upward movement of the cerebellum through tentorial opening. Midline shift of the brain Midline shift is the shifting of the brain from its center line [1]. This is a direct result of increased intracranial pressure and can be occurred by traumatic brain injury, stroke, hematoma, or birth deformities. So midline shift can be used as an indicator of ICP and a midline shift of over 5mm indicates an immediate surgery [1]. There are 3 structures mainly investigating in a midline shift. They are septum pellucidum (between right and left ventricles), third ventricle and the pineal gland [2]. The degrees of displacement of these structures are aided in determining the severity of the shift. Interaction with cerebral blood flow There is a connection between cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) and Intracranial pressure (ICP) as follows [5]. CPP = MAP – ICP As the CPP is the driver of the cerebral perfusion, cerebral blood flow is determined by both MAP and ICP. Therefore CPP can be reduced by an increase of ICP or a decrease of MAP. However the brain can auto regulate the cerebral blood flow through an auto regulatory process in 50 to 150 mmHg CPP range. But below 50 mmHg CPP values the brain can’t compensate and cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure decreased. Seizures This is a sudden electrical activity of brain [7]. Most of the time acute increased intracranial pressure may cause for trigger a seizure [3]. References [1] Gruen P (May 2002) â€Å"Surgical management of head trauma†. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 12 Pg.339-43 [2]Xiao,Furen,Chiang,Wong,Tosai,Hung,Liao(2011) â€Å"Automatic measurement of midline shift on deformed brains using multire solution binate level set method and Hough transform†. Computers in biology and medicine journal 41 Pg.756-762 [3]Principles of neurology Raymond D Adams Maurice victor.2nd edition. [4] www.medical –dictionarythefreedictionary.com [5]Neuroclin. May 2008:26(2):521-541. â€Å"Management of intracranial hypertension† Lonero Rangel Castillo (MD), Shankar Gopinath (MD) and Claudias Robertson (MD) via www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc 2452989 #R4 [6] â€Å"Neurology and neurosurgery illustrated† by Kenneth W Lindsay [7]www.bja.oxfordjournals.org/conten/90/1/39.long [8] Friedman DI Medication-Induced Intracranial hypertension in dermatology A M J clin Dermatology 2005 29-37 via PubMed [9]Jacob S Rajabally Y A. intracranial Hypertension induced by rofecoxib. Headache 2005 75-76 via PubMed [10]Digre K warner J â€Å"Is vitamin A implicated in the pathophysiology of increased intracranial pressure? Neurology 2005 64, 1827 via PubMed [11]www.healthline.com [12]PubMed health â€Å"Increased intracranial pressure† www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/pmh0001797/

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Public Information :: essays research papers

Ever wonder how a person not known obtains critical information once unavailable to the public? Nowadays, the easy access of computers makes it almost impossible for citizens to completely be out of the risk of privacy invasion. Anything we do is being monitored discreetly or publicly by others. Yet, there are different ways in which this issue can be viewed. It is harmful in the way that we do not know exactly what is being monitored by others, nor the way it is being used. Privacy intrusion helps us by monitoring those who may be harmful to others. Privacy invasion can be viewed as both harmful, and yet helpful. One type of privacy invasion is the placement of surveillance cameras. Cameras are made so small today that one would have to stand less than a foot away to actually see the placement of the camera. In the article, "Nowhere to hide: Lack of Privacy Is the Ultimate Equalizer," Charles Platt states, "Right now, I can buy a KGB-surplus night scope, a microtransmitter, or a videocamera that's half the size of a pack of cigarettes" (344). We can hardly go anywhere without the possibility of a camera watching our every move. This is a good thing in the sense that it gives more security to public places. A thief will think twice about robbing a bank if there is a camera pointed directly at him. Prison riots will become obsolete since the video will tell all who started the riot. Surveillance camera footage can be used as evidence in the court of law. Just as cameras can be useful in the work field, they can also be used to abuse invasion of privacy. In the article, "Privacy and Technology," Gary T. Marx points out, "A college student secretly video taped sexual encounters with a girlfriend. After breaking up with her, he played the tape for members of his fraternity. She learned of this and was victorious in a civil lawsuit, although no criminal statute had been violated" (325). Cameras are also good for business. There will be fewer shoplifters sneaking away items at the mall or grocery store. Another type of privacy invasion is the background check of a potential employee. Businesses only want employees who will benefit the business itself. The owners think of employees as a type of investment. So, to make a good investment, the managers are ordered to conduct a background check on prospective applicants.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Accounts Receivable and Straight-line Depreciation Method

1. The company uses the straight-line depreciation method. The rental equipment is estimated to have a useful life of eight years. Thus, the monthly depreciation of the rental equipment is 240,000/96, or $2,500 per month.2. The note payable to Rent-It is good for one year. $100,000 and the accumulated interest are due on November 30, 2012. The account payable for office supplies is due in thirty days, or January 2, 2012. The account payable to Universal Utilities is due in thirty days, or January 30, 2012. The company declared a dividend of 10 cents per share, payable on January 15, 2012. Income taxes are payable in 2012.3. Susquehanna Equipment Rentals was named as a co-defendant in a $25,000 lawsuit filed on behalf of Kevin Davenport. The extent of the company’s legal and financial responsibility for this accident cannot be determined at this time.f) It does appear that the company is headed for insolvency. It has $100,000 is notes payable that are due January 2, 2012, and i t only has $65,000 cash. The company is expecting $9,900 in accounts receivable, but that is still not enough to cover the notes payable. A majority of the company’s assets are tied up in rental equipment, which is not a liquid asset. Thus, the company will not be able to meet its financial obligations to its lenders.g) It would be unethical for Patty Driver to maintain the accounting records for this company since she is one of the owners of the corporation. The accounting records must be maintained by someone independent of the organization in order for the reports to be fair and ethical.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Modern Communication essays

Modern Communication essays How have the modern communications technologies of the past century affected the culture of the United States? Its like a disease spreading all over the United States but not something that you would run from. This is a type of disease you want to get because its the future. Technology is everywhere and everything. Over the past century technology has affected the U.S. culture in many ways. With more time and money there was a greater need for information and entertainment. Many big events were taking place and Americans did not know what was going on. There were things happening and no one knew where to go. So this brought out the inventions of the newspapers, magazines, and motion pictures. Once these things hit the market they took off. Two events, in particular, that people were unaware of were WWI and WWII. Since many Americans wanted to know what was happening to their soldiers, the newspaper was a big hit. Johannes Gutenbergs invention of the printing press made it much easier for the newspaper to be printed. It was faster and more sufficient then any other type of news. It also gave the middle and lower classes a chance to know what was going on at a low cost. Since it was at a low cost millions of Americans bought the newspaper spreading news all across the states. So now you new events or happenings in other places other than around you. Magazines and motion pictures were a big hit as well. Both of these were more for entertainment. Although you could also get news from them, many people used them for fun. Now days, newspapers, magazines, and motion pictures are still hits. Millions of Americans still read the newspaper. I think that it has become more important now because of everything that is happening with the War In Iraq and this years election. Wherever you go and have to sit and wait (doctors, dentist, library, etc...) you will always find either a newsp...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Comparison Of Qualitative And Quantitative Research Approaches Coursework

Comparison Of Qualitative And Quantitative Research Approaches Coursework Comparison Of Qualitative And Quantitative Research Approaches – Coursework Example Running Head: Comparison between qualitative and quantitative research methods Comparison between qualitative and quantitative research methods InstitutionDateComparison between qualitative and quantitative research methodsQualitative research methods are more of interactive methods and seek to expound more on motivating factors, reasons on which various occurrences are based, opinions of the involved parties (Creswell, 2008). When used in problem solving, qualitative methods provide hypothesis and assumptions on which further quantitative research can be based on. The out come of this type of these methods help in establishing trends in thoughts, and opinions and commons of motivating factors the get deeper insight into the problem at hand (Noa, 2010). Qualitatively data is collected using either structured are partial structure techniques such as organized group discussions, individual and/or group interviews, participatory observation. Usually the size of the group involved is sma ll in size. During the process, participants are required to respond to general questions. The researcher probes and explores their responses to identify and define the perceptions, opinions and feelings to come up with the extent of agreement (Noa, 2010).Quantitative research method seek to identify and solve the research issues and problems by coming up with quantitative data. Measurement methods are used in generating the data. The measurement tools are perfectly structured, such as questionnaires (Creswell, 2008). They must be objective, quantitative and provide statistically valid results. There is quantification of behaviors, attitudes and opinions. The data must therefore be expressed in terms of measurable terms so as to assist in establishing quantitative trend. The size of the research group is usually determined by use of already established mathematical formula (Noa, 2010). In summary, therefore, the main differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods are:Qualitative methods are subjective while quantitative methods are objectiveQualitative methods express findings in descriptive form while quantitative methods use statistical data to express findings.ReferencesCreswell, John W, (2008). Research Designs Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches SAGE Publishers.Punch, Keith F, (2005). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative ApproachesNoa.A, (2010). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

Monday, November 4, 2019

Cap task 3 step#1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cap task 3 step#1 - Term Paper Example A majority of the clients that patronize this hospital are women and children. Diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the most common diagnoses done in the hospital. Shockingly, 15% of women who die in this hospital are diagnosed with breast cancer. How is the problem affecting the client/organization? List or describe the issues the problem is causing. (How is the problem showing up in the organization?) When did the organization become aware of the problem? What actions have been taken to mitigate the problem? Use of ineffective methods to diagnose breast cancer has caused significant damage in the hospital’s image as well as made its operations more costly. Ideally, the state of New York recognizes failure to diagnose as an offense in some situations, and as a result, the hospital has paid huge sums of fines in lost suits whereby clients complain of poor or ineffective diagnosis. This has also created some bad image of the hospital and hence losing clients to other hospitals that use sophisticated and more effective technology to diagnose breast cancer. What is even more shocking is the fact that use of ineffective methods to diagnose cancer leads to delay in treatment and hence affecting the patient’s prognosis. Furthermore, the longer cancer goes untreated, undetected, or poorly treated, the greater the risk to the patient. In extreme cases, these failures can cause the patient’s death. Following a sequence of customer complaints for the last 5 years, the hospital management led by the President and Chief Executive Officer convened a board meeting to strategize on the way forward in regard to this menace. At the board meeting, a committee was constituted and mandated to foresee the research on new and more effective method of diagnosing breast cancer. To mitigate this problem, the committee proposed implementation of image segmentation, which will potentially determine diagnosis, tissue volumes, localized pathology as

Friday, November 1, 2019

The quantitative analysis of Affordable Care Act Essay

The quantitative analysis of Affordable Care Act - Essay Example The policy denies the rich their rightful earnings from the work that they do through the high taxes levied against them, and as such discouraging them from working hard. They earn less when they work for more hours, whilst the low-income earners earn more when they work for less hours. This creates an economic state of reservation, whereby people feel reluctant, especially the low-income earners, from working hard and improving their social setting for fear of upgrading into a higher taxation level (Akosa, Asako and Kosali 45). Nevertheless, it is imperative to note that the Health care policy brought about the much-needed reforms into the heath care policy. The ObamaCare Act dubbed after president Obama, or the Patient protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) promotes social justice and equality by ensuring the low incomes earners who cannot afford insurance policies have the capacity to access them, and as such have access to a higher quality health insurance. The act provides regulations that govern the insurance market, thereby mandating the purchase of insurance. This creates a state of social equality in the health insurance market. Unlike before where these insurance firms preferred the rich and healthy as their most viable and valuable customers, and as such, shunned the low income earners and those with a sickness history, the act compels them to sell their insurance to the low-income earners as well, which promotes social care and affordability of health insurance (Dye 82). The best theory to use in analyzing this Affordable Care Act is the Theory of Marginal Utility, which is the additional increment to utility obtained through the consumption of an additional unit of good, or service. The marginal utility of the two income brackets in the United States subjected to this policy is very different. For instance, the Marginal Utility for the rich people is much lower than